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Age-graded variation
In linguistics, age-graded variation is differences in speech habits within a community that are associated with age. Age-grading occurs when individuals change their linguistic behavior throughout their lifetimes, but the community as a whole does not change.
==Definition==
The term “age-grading” was first introduced by anthropologist/linguist Charles F. Hockett, but defined as it is used today by sociolinguist William Labov. He defined it as an individual linguistic change against a backdrop of community stability.〔Wagner, Suzanne E. "Age Grading in Sociolinguistic Theory." Language and Linguistics Compass (2012): 371-82.〕 Age-grading is not limited to changes at any one particular stage in life, but can be studied in the way that babies, adolescents, young adults speak, and the elderly speak.〔Trudgill, Peter. ''Sociolinguistics: An Introduction to Language and Society''. London: Penguin, 2000. Print.〕
Age-grading involves the use of stable sociolinguistic variables, or features that are not currently undergoing any linguistic change. Linguistic features that are age-graded typically are stigmatized or have a high degree of social awareness and can be consciously controlled.〔Labov, William. ''Principles of Linguistic Change''. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1994. Print.〕 For this reason, age-graded variables tend to be semantic (e.g., an entire word) as opposed to phonetic. Age-graded changes recur at a particular age in successive generations and are regular and predictable changes. These changes are thought to mark developmental/maturational stages in the individual’s life.〔Chambers, J. K. ''Sociolinguistic Theory: Linguistic Variation and Its Social Significance'' (pp 200-209. Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1995. Print.〕
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